Test scoring and recording apparatus



April 6, 1965 w. LEATHERS TEST SCORING AND RECORDING APPARATUS.

3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 26, 1963 INVENTOR. WHRD LEH THERS April 6, 1965 w. LEATHERS 3,176,415

TEST SCORING AND RECORDING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 26, 1963 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR W QRD L E77 THE RS BY M R- anmmJ W. LEATHERS TEST SCORING AND RECORDING APPARATUS April 6, 1965 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Aug. 26, 1963 INVENTOR WA R0 L 54 THE R5 M R aow-lg United States Patent 3,176,415 TEST SCORING AND RECORDING APPARATUS Ward Leathers, 93 Walker St., Massapequa Park, N.Y. Filed Aug. 26, 1963, Ser. No. 304,596 6 Claims. (Cl. 35-48) The present invention relates to record controlled apparatus and more particularly to an improved test scoring and recording apparatus by means of which a students test card, which has been perforated in various card columns by the student to represent his answers to a series of multiple-choice questions, may be processed in a novel manner whereby the number of correct answers rendered by the student maybe totalized and the total printed on the card, the correct answer indicated by a special marking on the card whenever a particular question has been incorrectly answered, and, in a modified form of the apparatus, a different special marking made on the card to indicate when a student has unauthorizedly rendered plural answers to a given question. Still more specifically, the invention relates to test scoring and recording apparatus of the general type shown and described in my copending United States application, Serial No. 194,709, filed on May 9, 1962, and entitled, Test Scoring and Recording Machine, of which application the present one is a continuation-in-part.

Briefly, the machine or apparatus shown and described in my above-mentioned copending application involves in its general organization a first sensing station where a series of student's test cards are successively scanned columnarly for perforations representative of both correct and incorrect answers to a series of questions. The apparatus further includes a second sensing station where an answer card is repeatedly scanned for comparison with the test cards undergoing processing. The test cards are successively passed through the first sensing station in timed relation to the repetitive movement of the answer card'through the second sensing station. The answer card is correctly perforated in columns which correspond to the columns of the test cards. At such time as simultaneous scanning or sensing of perforations in corresponding columns of the cards at both sensing stations takes place, a counter is actuated so that correct answers are thus totalized. At the end of the totalization, printing mechanism is actuated to print the total on the students test card. At such time as the portion of the test card passing through the first sensing station remains imperforate to indicate that the student has not rendered an answer to a given question, or has incorrectly perforated the test card in response to such question, means are provided whereby the test card is marked in the same general answer region to indicate to the student Where the correct perforation should have been, thus enlightening the student as to the correct choice.

The present apparatus afiords novel means for disabling the marking means at such time as a student has, by correctly perforating his test card, rendered a correct answer to a given question. The invention further provides novel means for disabling both the marking and totalizing means when there is an absence of a card at the first sensing station, as for example after a card runout, or during the interval of time which exists between the passage of one card from the first sensing station and the entry of the next succeeding card into the sensing station. The present apparatus, is a modified form thereof, also provides novel means whereby, when a student has unauthorizedly effected plural perforation of a card in response to a single given test question, a special function such as the marking of a tell-tale indicia on the test card may be effected to inform the examiner of such plural perforation.

The provision of an apparatus of the character briefly outlined above being among the principal objects of the invention, numerous other objects and advantages will become readily apparent as the following description ensues.

In the accompanying three sheets of drawings forming a part of this specification, two illustrative embodiments of the invention have been shown.

In these drawings:

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary sectional view, somewhat schematic in its representation, taken substantially transversely and centrally through'a test scoring and recording apparatus constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an electrical circuit diagram of the apparatus;

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary detail view, partly in section and partly in elevation, illustrating the operation of a printing counter employed in connection with the present invention, together with certain relay mechanism associated therewith;

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary side elevational view, partly in section, illustrating a reset mechanism for the printing counter; and

FIG. 5 is an electrical diagram illustrating additional circuitry which may be employed in connection with the circuitry of FIG. 1 for indicating unauthorized plural perforation of a students answer card.

General description Referring now to the drawings in detail and in particular to FIG. 1, there has been disclosed schematically in this view a test scoring and recording apparatus of the general type shown and described in my above-mentioned copending application, Serial No. 194,709. It is to this type of apparatus that the present invention is applicable. For a full understanding of such a test scoring and recording apparatus reference may be had to such copending application but, for purposes of disclosure herein, it is deemed sufiicient briefly to outline the nature and operation of the apparatus without regard to specific details except insofar as they are applicable to the present invention.

The apparatus is designed to operate upon a series of students test cards 10 (FIG. 2) which have been perforated by the student to indicate his choices of answers to a series of test questions having several choices, only one of which is correct, and to compare such student choices with an answer card 12 which has been perforated to indicate the correct choices to the test questions. In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the answer card makes provision for five columns of perforations accommodating five test questions, the perforations representing, by their positions transversely of the card, the correct answers. The test card 12 similarly makes provision for five columns of perforations and, if

- perforation of the test card; a j

Stillreferring to FIG. 1, the apparatus somewhat sche- 7' I a i Iv I V V V the punched holes or perforations 1n the testcard cor all of the answers are correct; 7 test card does not correspond positionally with the correct perforation inthe answer card, the students answer i a is incorrect; Y

v is operativelyiconnected by a worm 65 and 'a cooperating respond positionally to the perforations in the answer card If "a perforation in a' To process the test cards 10 and compare thern with the answer card 12, the testcards are'fed from a feed hopper 14 (FIG. 1) past a sensing stationVS1' where the perforations therein are electrically analyzed by, a series of five sensing brushes 16, therelbeing one brush for each column-ofperforations; :;From thesensing stationlSI the cards are conducted to 'a dischargehopper 18 The answer card 12is mounted on a rotary drum 20, the rotary movements'of which are correlated with thelinear movements of the test ammo and the columns of perforations in the answer card;a're electric'ally analyzed by gear" 66 to a maindrive shaft 68 rotatably supported at its ends in the side walls 52 and 54, The shaft 68 carr'iesfacam '70 for operating the previously mentioned print'hammer 2 8, a cam 72 for operating a card, picker feed arm 74, a'cam 76 for operating a reset bail 78 by means of which the previously mentioned print wheels 26 may betreturned to zero indications, and a gear 79 for driving a series, of card-flow rol-ls 80, as well as for rotat ing the card-'carryingdrum 20. Three pairs of the cardiiow rolls 80 have been illustrated includingan upper f pair carried on shafts 82, an ;intermediate pair carried on shafts8'4, and a'lowr paiivcarried'on shafts 86, the

' shafts 82, 84 and 8 6'exte'nding between the side walls 52 a series of five sensing brushes 22 disposed at a second A sensing station S2. -During the processing ofany given test card,;if corresponding brushes 16 and 22 simpl taneously'encounter respective perforations in the cards 10 and 12, a counter mechanism "24- is actuated and a print wheelj26 associated'therewith is cumulatively ad-,

vanced, each advancement of a the wheel, indicating that the studenthascorrectlyanswered a question; At the termination of card comparison, the energy stored in a print hammer 2-8 'is released andthe hammer is caused to force a portion of the passing test card 10 against the print wheel, to imprint" a totalization olf-the correct answers-at'an appropriate region'on thecardtf If a student has incorrectly answered-a particularnues: tion by perforating a given column in'a position-,thatdoes and '54. The upperland intermediate pairs of rolls are driven from the gear 78 :while the lower pair of rolls are 'driven bya gear 20 carried'ona shaft 92 which extends betweenlftheside walls 52 and 54.- The shaft 92 also serves to rotatably support the card-carrying drum 20. The shaft'9i2, and consequently the ge'ar 90*and drum 20,

I is operatively) connectedjirr driven-relationship to the shaft 68' by 'means of anintermediate gear 94, rotatably 'carriedon'a wans fixedlysecured to the side wall 52.

The test cards 10 are placedinthe feed hopper 14 in stacked relationshipas shown in FIG. 1 and are main-' station S1. The illustrated form, of picker mechanism includes. a reciprocable pickerelement 104; to which there is attachedja flexible tape 106, which .passes around,

not correspond or agree with the Vcorrectly perforated position in the corresponding column of the answerseard' Y 12, one of a series-of five electr'omagnetically operated marking devices 30 is causedjto'imprint-adaubof colored 1 ink,- for example redin-k, onfthe test'card in close prox} imity to the sensing brushand in thevicinity ofthe place" which, should have-been perforatedby the-student had'he correctly answered the: question, thus givingto th'e student,;when the card is returnedto him, minu indication I of whatthe correct answer-should have been. Accord ing to the present invention,'novelmeans are provided for disabling the various marking devices 30 in the eventthat the student has correctly answered a'question so that there;

' will be no marking-of: the card except when an incorrect Additionally, according to the 7 present invention, means are provided for disabling the answer has been given;

markingdevices 30When there is an absence of a card at I the sensing station,:as forexamplewhen no cards are'fed after a card run-out, or during the: interval of time that exists between thepassage of. onecard' from the sensing station S1 and the entry of another and succeeding card into the sensing station, as .well'fas the interval of time existingrbetween the' passage of the trailing edge'of the card 12mm the sensing station S2gand-the. entry of the,

leading edge of. the car'dintothe sensing station;

In a modified form of the apparatus, means are pro; vided'Whereby-when a student has unauthorizedly' at tempted togive plural answers to a particular question. by perforating more than one column, in a test card 10 in response to a given test question, an indication, either visible or audible will be rendered, or, alternatively, a mark will be made upon the card to indicate such plural matically shown'in thisview involves in its generalforganis ative instrumentalities or the apparatusare enclosed-.j

The'casing 50 includes side walls 52 and 54,'a.bottom wall 56 upon which there'is supported agbasei platej58, a front wall 60 including a removable section 62 which constitutes a front cover plate, a top Wall,'a portionfof which is shown at64, and'a rearwall (not shown), An electric motor Mi suitably mounted-twithinfthe casing 15% 7 a curved polished steel-guide .108 and has one end thereof 7' attached to the distal end of thepicker-feed arm 74. The

jproximate enclof the feedarm 74 isfrotatably mounted on a shaft 110 which extends,transversely of the casing between the side walls:52 and 54 and'is designed to be oscillated byrneans of'the cam 72 onthe shaft 68. The

picker element ltMyis, maintained in its retracted position bymeans of-aspring 112."; The design of the power train extendingjfrorn'the motor driven worm,6 5 to the shaft 92 on which the drum" 20 is mounted, and the; nature vof the cam 72 and feedrollers? 80 are" such that successive test card sjl t) arefed through thevs'ensing station S1 in 'timedrelation to the'repetitive passage of the answer card-IZthrough thesensing stationSZ. When opera:

' tively installed upon the "drum 20, the answer card 12 s-so positionedthat the trailing edge of the, cardwill leave the sensing stationSZ at substantially the same time that the trailing edge of a given'card '10 leavesthe' sensing station 'S1,and so that the leading edge of theanswer card 12 will enter the sensing station S2at substantially the same time that the leading edge ofa test card 19 entersithe sensing station SL, Thus at both sensing stations the sensing'brushes16 and 22 will'sirnultaneously encountergrespective' gaps which exist between adjacent opposed cardedges; At such times, all of the sensing V brushes 16 make electrical contact ,with atransversely extendingcontact plate114,"while all of the sensing brushes 22 will similarly make electrical contact with the metal surface of the drum Zt). V I Still referring to FIG. 1, and additionally to FIGS, 2

and 3, the counter mechanism24is operatively supported upon the plate'62 and it includes a combined print wheelzat-ion a casingbrhousingSt) within which all of the oper g.

actuating and relay magnet MC: (see also FIG. 2) provided with 'a movable core 120 which is normally maintained in a retracted position by means of asp'ring122 secured to the cover plate62 and which bears against a 'Iprotuberance 1241fo'rme'd'f on-an operating finger 126 which constitutes an extension of the movable core 120.

'The rear or'left hand end of thecore 120, as viewed in FIG. 3, is operatively connected to a pivoted pawl128 which cooperates witha ratchet wheel 133%) secured toa shaft ,132'and which may be integrally formed with-the previously mentionediprint wheel 26; 'Upon energization of the winding 134 of the magnet MC the core and its extension 126 will be moved forwardly or to the right as seen in FIG. 3, thus causing the pawl 128 to advance the ratchet wheel 130, and consequently the print wheel 126, the latter being moved one numerical indication for each successive energization of the magnet MC. A holding pawl 136 mounted on the reset bail 78 maintains the successive advancement of the ratchet wheel but allows the ratchet and print wheels to be restored to a zero indication when the reset bail is actuated under the control of the cam 76 through a cam follower and linkage mechanism 138. The operating finger 126 is designed for cooperation with a pair of normally closed contacts C1, the function of which will be set forth presently when the electrical diagram of FIG. 2 is discussed.

The print wheel 26 and its associated ratchet wheel 130 are normally maintained in their position of zero indication by means of an eccentric pin 14$) on the print 2 wheel and which normally bears against a stop arm 142 mounted on the shaft 132. An involute coil spring 144 also bears against the pin and urges the print wheel 26 in a clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 3 so as to yieldingly carry the eccentric pin 14% against the stop arm 142. Thus when the reset bail 78 is actuated under the influence of the cam '76, the holding pawl 136 is momentarily withdrawn from the ratchet wheel 130 to allow the print wheel to be restored to its zero indication. I

' The print hammer 28 which effects the printing operatoin near the end of the cycle of machine operation is mounted for swinging movement on one of the shafts 86 which carries the card-flow rollers 80 and it is yieldingly biased toward the print wheel 26 by a spring pressed cam .follower arm 140. The cam 76 is provided with a sharp drop-off portion which, when encountered by the cam follower arm 14% allows the print hammer to be projected forwardly and against the print wheel 26 to effect the printing operation on the test card 10.

Meansare provided for disabling the print hammer 28 when no card appears between the print hammer and the print'wheel 26, this means assuming the form of a stop pawl 144 carried on the shaft 110 and capable of being operativelypositioned in the path of movement of the cam follower arm 140 under the control of a link connected to a feeler arm 146 having a roller 148 mounted thereon and which is lightly spring biased against the cardswhich pass from the sensing station S1 and travel toward the hopper 18. In the absence of a card 16 in printing position, the roller 148 shifts in a direction to cause the link 145 to move the stop pawl 144 to its blocking position with respect to the movement of the cam follower arm 14%.

Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, each of the five marking devices 30 includes an electromagnet. The various magnets may be of the dual. core type and the cores 150 thereof are operatively connected to a generally L-shaped arm 152 pivoted as at 154 to a portion of the magnet casing and carrying a marking roller 156. The roller 156 normally rests against an inked felt pad 158 where respective sensing brushes 16, the positions of the inking rollers being indicated in dotted lines in FIG. 2.

- The card-carrying-drurn 20 may be of any suitable type. Preferably it is of the type shown and described in my copending United States application, Serial No. 281,208,

filed May 17, 1963 and entitled Card-Retaining Matrix Drum for Statistical Machines. The full details of the drum 20 have not been illustrated herein but for purposes of discussion in connection with the present inven- 6 tion it is sufiicient to point out that the drum is in the form of a metal cylinder operatively installed upon the base plate 58 for rotation about a horizontal axis. The mounting for the drum may consist of a pair of standards, one of which is shown at 162, the standards being secured to the base plate 58 and serving rotatably to support therebetween the drum-carrying shaft 92. The cylinder side wall of the drum is formed with a slot 163 therein adapted to receive the leading transverse edge region of the answer card 12 as indicated at 164- in FIG. 2, the card then being turned laterally and wrapped around the drum 20 in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the drum, i.e. in a direction opposed to the direction of the arrow in this view. Suitable card retaining rollers (not shown) may be employed to maintain the card in its wrapped condition during drum rotation, such rollers being well known and commonly employed in the art for card retaining purposes. A contact brush 166 secured to the base plate 58 establishes an electrical lead-off whereby the drum may be electrically connected in the circuitry which, to a large extent, constitutes the present invention.

The arrangement of parts thus far described, with the exception of certain details associated with the combined print wheel actuating and relay magnet MC of the counter mechanism 24; constitutes the subject matter of my copending application, Serial No. 194,709, and no claim is made herein to any novelty associated with the same, the novelty of the present invention residing rather in certain electrical and mechanical instrumentalities which,

in combination with their associated electric circuitry, perform such functions as disabling of the entire group of five marking devices 30 at such time as a correct student answer has been indicated by the simultaneous sensing of perforations in a test card 10 and the answer card 12 in corresponding columns by the sensing brushes 16 and 22 respectively, thereby preventing any red ink marking on the test card at this time; similarly disabling these five marking devices as well as the counter mechanism 2d when there is an absence of a test card in the apparatus; disabling of the counter 25 and marking devices 30 at such time as the sensing brushes 16 and 22 are at inbetween positions between the opposed edges of cards leaving and entering the sensing zones S1 and S2; and effecting a visible indication or recording on the test card it by a telltale indicia when a student has indicated by multiple perforations of a test card in different columns in response to the same test question; all in a manner that will now clearly be set forth in detail.

Starting circuit Referring now to the circuit diagram of FIG. 2, the electric motor M which eifects rotation of the drum 29 is disposed in a motor circuit which extends from a suitable source of current supply S, through a master switch MS, leads 11, 13 and the motor M, back to the source S.

' T he switch MS, when closed, not only makes current available to the motor M, but also it makes lowvoltage current available for the various relay and other magnets associated with the apparatus, as well as for the sensing instrumentalities which effect read-out indications of the various card perforations in the test card 10 and answer card 12. Energization of the motor M serves to rotate the drum 2!) in the manner previously described'and, when the switch MS is open, a push button PB may be employed to energize the motor M by small incremental movements for the purpose of causing the slot 162 in the drum 20 to register with the open front of the machine casing when the cover plate 62 is removed. The push button circuit extends from the source S through the switch MS, leads 11, 15, push button PB, and lead 17, back to the source.

Correct answer accumulation Cumulative totalization of the number of correct answers effectedby a student on agiven test card preparaof course, be. perforatediin the extreme left hand toryto printing of the totalon the card bythe printhainmet 28 is effected under the control of 'such' sen'sing brushes lo and 22 as may simultaneously encounter per,-

forations in corresponding columns'zin the cards 10 "and i 12 respectively When such a condition occurs, a circuit 7 will'tbe established from the'low voltage 'sourc'ekgrep-ffresented by the battery vB) through leads 19, 21, 'switch MS, lead 23,, 'apair or normallyclosed toam controlled contacts C2, lead '25,'apair of normallyclosjed relayoperated contacts' C3, leads 27,29, counter magnet MC,

lead'31, contactplate 114,sensing brush-16 (shown'in I contact with the contact plate 114),- leads 33,. 25, sensing brush 22 (shown in contact with thedruin 20)]drum'20, and leads 37, 39, 41, back toithe low voltage source B columnas" shown injFIG. 2. When the particular correspondin'glongitudinalregions of the two cards 10 and 12 arrive at their respective sensing stations, aicircuit will then exist from-thelow voltagesourceB through leads 19', 21, switch MS,}lea'd23, contact C2,'1ead 25, contact C3, leads'27, 51,- contact'sCl (now closediby reason of the defenergization of the magnet MCL leads 53, 55,157,

59, o lig' markingtmagnet M1, leads'63, 35, sensing brush 22, drum-2t}; a'nd'jleads 37, 39,41, back to the low voltage/source{BxSuch'energization of the mag'netMl will causemoivernent'ofthe associated'arm 152 so that markinglwheel156 will apply a daub OfjIed' ink to the Closure of thelcircui t just described effects energig'ation a manner and for a purpose 'that' will be'made clear,

presently. Such disabling of the card-marking-circhits is desirable inasmuch as when, a student"has rendered a correct answer the-perforation which hehas placed in' the associated column will sutli'ce to indicate; that the v answer is correctand needs'no'turtherpointing out rAsjthe test cardt1'0 .cont'inue s'past' the sensingastation S1, repetitive energization' of the counter-magnetMC: I ftake's place for each correct perforationwhichjappears in thevarious columns of the card and, after theftotaliza-t a tion is complete atthe end otcolui nn-sensing; operations, the cam follower'a'rm 140 encounter s" the dlTOPEQfi portion, 142 of *thecam'70 and theprinting'hanirner 28 is irnofthe testcard as'outliried above".

pelled against the card 10, to, in tu'rnf force the-latter; I againstthe print wheel 26 and eifect a printing t'onthe' f card of the total number of "correct answers which have 7 been given, all in the 'mannervpnevious'ly' described; 7

When a student renders aninc'or'rect answer to any one f u of the twenty five test questions i provided for in his examination sheet by eitecti'ng aperforation ina column other than the correct column forthat particular question, one oftlie sensing brushes 16 at the sensing station l'e ft'hand columnio't the card 10 as viewed in'FIG. 2,"

at the "approximate position 'where thisvcol umnvshould have been perforated to'indicate the correct answer to the test question. 'gIn' actual practice, the rapid movement of the card and the time delay factorfrequired :for .a full movemeht'o f the arm 152 Will*cause 'theired'ink daub to, be placed substantially tprecisely at the region where the studentshould have made his perforation.

a Pa'ra1lel, marking circuits "are, provided. for the mag- "nets M2, M3, M4, and'MS. and :need not bedescribed .jherein due zto their similarity with the marking, circuit for the magnet M lijus't described.

Since the circuit throughfthe counter, magnet MC is open due to failure of the extreme left'handrsensing brush '16fto encounter a perforation underthe incorrectfanswe'r 7 conditions specified above,v no'print Wheel accumulation willtake place, :the. only function being a, red ink r'narkin'g It should herecalledat this, point that when a student has given a correct answer 1 to the. .test 'question, as for example when ihe' has correctly perforated the left hand column of the test card 10, the'previously described circuitlthrough'the counteriha'gnet MC will be energized for fprintiwheel accumulation purposes, as well as for relay I -opzeration'toopen thepcontact's C1 and disable the red 1 ink' marking circuit; through-the, magnet" M1 just de 'Correct'answer'markingon the 'test card I last't'est ca'rdf10 in thestack ot cards contained in the 'hopper 14"=has passedthrough the machine and been discharged'intofthe' hopperf18, orifor-"anyx'other reason su'ch -as' a faulty card feed due't'oa torn or'damaged card,

S1 will encounter such perforation; butithe corresponding 1 1 sensing brush 22 at thes'ensing. station'SZ'v'vill encounter no corresponding perforation. Thecounterzaccumulation circuit just'described in] connection with the rendering, of a students correct answer will thus be-interrupted'by J fof the lackof a perforation at this "pointlf 'Iherefore the particular sen sing brush -22 at the sensing station S2. which fails to makecontact withthe drum 20 by reason no card? arrives at the sensing stationSI, a' sixth sensing brushQtJO engagesa cooperating'conta'ct plate 202whichiselectrically disassociated from the contact plate 114,

and a circuit then exists from the source B, through leads 19, 65, contact plate 202', -brush 2 00,' lead 67, relay'm'agnetMR, and -1eads"69, 41, backtothe;source B. The

I relay magnet MRisassociated with the previously men;

the counter lniagnet MC will not become energizedjjto q "open the pair; of contacts'Cl. ThesecontactsiCI are disposed in a marking, circuit "which, "when: energized, causes a"daubjof ink'of a1 suitablelcolor(forexample 7 red ink) to be" applied tothe' test cardilfl'in' the vicinity 'of the sensing brush'16 at the sensing stationsl and which is in register with the 'particular column which i should have been perforated by-the student. The co -rect been 'correctly perforated by; the student; Suppose for .tioned, pair of contacts C3 and serves to open-these normally-closed contacts 'when energized. Energization of the magnet 'MR'due -to contact ofthe brush 200 with,

Vcontactplate 202m the absencev of any interventing card 1 0thusopens the' contacts C37 and-' disables'the previously mentioned counter'niarking circuits, all of which'include these contacts-C3.

' i Card gap disabling means C1 'andCS-and, moreoverg they are disposedbetween the master switch MS and thecontacts C3 so'that they control the ,flowof currentftofboththc totalizing and red ink I I printing circuits],"Thus,jwhen these'contacts' C2become example thatthe 'corre'ctanswe'r tofa' given-test question should result in a perforation in the extreme lefthand column of thercard 10 as 'seen'in FlG." 2', but that-the student has rendered-an incorrect answer by perforating the extreme right hand column. The answer cai'd 12,

open, n'ogcurrent mayfiow in anyof the low'voltage cir- V cuits associated with, the apparatus. Duringv normal machine operations, opening ofthe contacts C2 will dis'a-- ,ble the apparatus except for rotation of the cardretain- Qingdrum. v A ca'rn2ii4l on thetdriurn'shaft 92 is soidispo'sed that it effect momentary opening of the contacts C2 examiner.

at such time as the card gap existing between the leading and trailing edges of the wrapped card 12 passes through the sensing station S2. Thus, at this time when the four sensing brushes 22 make electrical contact with the metal drum 20, the contacts C2, being open, will prevent all machine functions from taking place including both the totalizing and red ink printing functions.

Unauthorized plural student card perforation Undercertain circumstances it may be desirable to make provision for performing a machine function when a students card which has been perforated more than once in the same transverse row is encountered at the sensing station S1. Such unauthorized plural perforation of the card in response to a single test question may be effected by a student in an effort to increase his chance of tally with the correct answer p-erformation in the answer card 12. Without a suitable safeguard for such a contingency, a student, by unauthorizedly perforating a given transverse row in two places instead of one, could double his chances of having the apparatus register and totalize a correct answer for that particularl question. By effecting five perforations in the row, the student would be assured of a correct tally but, of course, at the increased risk of on-sight detection on the part of the The functions which may be selected for detection of such plural perforation are varied. If desired an audible or visual indication may be rendered by the appaaratus, the apparatusmay be stopped, or a mark may be; recorded on the students card 10. For exemplary purposes, in FIG. 5, this latter operation has been illustrated in conection with a modified form of the apparatus wherein a series of five sensing brushes 216 are disposed at the sensing station S1, these brushes being in addition to the sensing brushes 16. 'The brushes 216 are preferably positioned in close proximity to the brushes 16 either slightly in advance thereof or in arrears thereof, although they may be positioned at.any region along the longitudinal extent of the card as it passes through the sensing station. Each brush 216 is connected through a resistor R to a common lead 81 leading'from the positive side of a suitable low voltage source which may be the battery B of FIG. 2. The various resistors are of equal ohmic 'value, for example 50 ohms. The brushes 216 cooperate through the perforations in the students card 10 with a contact plate 218. The contact plate 218 is connected by a lead 83 to a relay magnet MR2 which, in turn, is connected to the negative side of the source through leads 85 and 87. The common lead 31 is also connected to of the ink supplied by such rollers, for example green ink. The roller 220 may be positioned to apply a daub of green ink to the students card 10 in the central longitudinal region thereof as indicated by the dotted line disclosure of this roller in FIG. 5.

The rating of the relay magnet MR2 is such that it requires for its effective energization a current value appreciably in excess of that which is available in the series circuit involving only one of the resistors R. It will however become effectively energized when energized by the current which obtains in the series-parallel circuit ineluding two of the resistors R.

In the operation of the modified form of the apparatus 'as shown in FIG. 5, if, for example, a student has perforated his students card 10 in response to the twentyfourth question with two perforations as shown in this View, a circuit will be established from the source through the common lead 81, two of the resistors R, contact plate 218,1e'ad 83, relay magnet MR2, and leads 85, 87, back to the source. Effective energization of the magnet MR2 will take place since an appreciable energizing current will then pass through the winding of the magnet MR2 and the contacts C4 will become closed. Closure of the contacts C4 will establish a circuit extending from the source, through lead 81, contacts C4, lead 89, magnet M6 and leads 91, 87 back to the source. Energization of the magnet M6 will cause actuation of the marking roller 220 and thus the students card 10 will have ap plied to it a daub of green ink, thus indicating to the examiner at the time the cards are inspected that the plural perforation has taken place. If desired, the normally open contacts C4 may be disposed in the circuit for the motor M and the magnet M6 dispensed with. In such an instance when the plurally perforated card is encountered at the sensing station S1, the motor circuit replaced by a pair of normally closed contacts and the latter maybe disposed in the circuit for the motor M. In such an instance when the plurality perforated card is encountered at the sensing station S1, the motor circuit will become open to stop the operation of the apparatus. Similarly, the magnet M6 may be replaced by an electric buzzer or other audible signal-emitting device, or it may be replaced by an electric lamp or other visual signal-emitting device. Irrespective however of the nature of the particular work circuit involved for plural perforation detection purposes, the essential features of the invention are at all times preserved.

The invention is not to be limited to the exact arrangement of parts shown in the accompanying drawings or described in this specification, nor to the identical circuitry portrayed, since various changes in the details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, while the inven tion has been illustrated herein in connection with student and answer cards which make provision for a'single composite column representing twenty-five five-choice answer selections, it is obvious that the apparatus may, by suitable modification, be designed to accommodate a greater or a lesser number of answer selections, answers involving a greater or lesser number of choice responses, or a greater number of composite answer columns. In the latter instance it is merely necessary to duplicate many of the operative machine instrumentalities associated with the low voltage phase of machine operation, while retaining the single motor and high voltage circuit therefor. Such duplication has been represented by the block diagrams 250, 252 and 254 inthe circuit diagram of FIG. 1. Therefore, only insofar as the invention has particularly been pointed out in the accompanying claims is the same to be limited.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a machine for grading and marking students test cards according to their comparison with indicia appearing on a similar answer card and relating to multiple choice responses to a series of questions, the test and answer cards having correspondingly arranged columns of multiple choice positions, the multiple choice positions of the answer card having indicia applied in accordance with correct responses to said questions, and the positions of the test cards having indicia variously applied so as to be indicative of correct and incorrect answers to said questions, means establishing a first sensing station for the test cards, means establishing a second sensing station for the answer card, means for impelling the test cards successively through the first sensing station in endwise fashion, means for repeatedly impelling the answer card through the second sensing station in timed relation to the movement of the test cards through the first sensing station, means at said first and second sensing stations for comparatively sensing the indicia on thetest cards and answer card respectively, a series of energizable marking devices at said first sensing station and operable when energized to mark respectively the multiple choice positions on is'uccessive test cards passing lthrough ,said first station in accordance with the sensed indicia on the answer 1 card, means normally responsive to thesensing of aniin f diciaon the answer card for energizing a'correspondingV marking device, and means responsive to the simultaneous sensing vof corresponding indicia on a testv'oard and the answer cardfor disabling the energizing means for the $PQ f ngjdevice, V 7

2. In a machine for grading and niarking' stndents test cards according to their comparison withindicia :appear- 7 ing on a similar answer 'card'and relating tornultipleehoic'e 'resp'onsesto a series of questions; the test andanswer cards having correspondingly arrangedrcolumnsofmuljthe answer, cardga 'series of energizable zmarking devices at aid-first; sensing station 'and-roperable when energized to mark respectively theflmultiplechoicepositions on suc 'c'essive test cards*passingfthrough the first sensing 'station in accordance'withzthe perforations int the answer card, angenergi zabletotalizing countena source of en-,

ergizing'current, means connecting each pair of sensing brushesfto saidsource' of energizing current inserres rela= tionship' through said counter; whereby the simultaneous sensing of corresponding perforations on a test card and the.answerfcardfwillefiectfenergization of the counter, means connecting'each marking device to one of the tiple choice positions, the multiple :choice positions of the ans er cardhaving indicia' applied in'accordance' with correct responsesito said questions, and the .positions'of the"te' st' cards" having indicia variously appliedfso asto be indicative "ofcorrectand incorrect answers to: said questions; means establishing a first sensing station for;

,the test cards,.means establishing a'second sensingstag" tion for the answer 'car dg'means for impelling thetestf" cards-successively throli'gh the first sensing station in" endwis'e fashion, means j fojr repeatedly impelling the 'ans'vverjcard through the second sensing station in timed relationfto the movementIofthe test cards throughthe first sensingstation; paired sensing elements at" the first and second sensing stations for comparatively sensing the indicia' on the "test cards and answer?card respectively; a

series of energizable marking'devices at saidfiristfsensing.

station andfo'perable when-energized to mark respectivelyr th e rnultiplechoice positions on successive testacards; V t

" sensingrbrushe's atthe' secondsensing-station and to said source of current'whereby'the sensing of a perforation in the answer card wille'fie ct energization ofa corresponding marking device, energizable relay means operable upon energization' thereof to disable all of said' marking devices, andfmeans connecting said retaymean to? said source ofcur'rent and tojeach pair of sensingbrush'es at [the firstand second sensing stations whereby therjsirnultaneousisen'sing' of; correspondingperforations at the first and second-sensingstations willfeftec't'ene'rgi'zation of said relay means. I

1 5. In a'niachine forjgrading and niarkingstudents test I cards, the combination set .forth in claim 14 includinggl'ad ditionally, 'an' additional sensing' brush'atthe first sensing stationfforisensingfthecard gaps existing between the opposed leading and trailing edges of adjaeent successive test cardspassingthrou gh'theffirst sensing station, addipassing through the first sensing station, in acjco'ric'ian'ce withthe'indicia on the answercard, a-source of energizing current for said marking devices, ainormally "closed series circuit for each marking deviceand including'saidfsource or energizing current and one of the sensing elements at. v

the second sensing station whereby the sensing of an in 'dicia on the answer card by a sensing elementfatJthesec-i 7 end sensing station will efiect energization of 1a ,corre- I spondin'g-nia'rking device and marking era corresponding position'o'n atest card at the firstsensing station and relay means cornmonto all of the sensing elements at Iboth sensing stations for disabling said series circuit's upon simultaneous sensing of corresponding indieia on ,a test card and thejan's w er card.

3Q Ina inachihtorgmding and marking students test icards; the" combination set forth in claim ,2, wherein said relay means for, diasabling-said series circuits comprises a'pa irof normally closed contacts common to; said series circuits, a relay magnet operable upon lenerfgizati'on thereoftto open said contacts, said relayrnagne't being connected;

.ne'ous. sensing of'i'co'rresponding indicia 'on 'a test card zand tions; means'establishing a first sensing station tor the test cards, means'establishing a second sensingstation' for the answer card, :m eans'for'impellingi-the test cardssuc- 'cessively through the firstsensing station in-endwis'efasln ion, means for repeatedlyiimpelling ltheanswer 3 card" 'through the's'econdsensing station in timedrelation to the movement of the test'cardsthrou'gh the'first sensing tio'nal "energiz'able relay; means operable" upon energiz ation thereof to 'dis'able'all ofsaidirnarking devices and to disable said counter andrne'a'nseonnecting said additional relay means to -i saidiadditionalsensing brush andto'said sourceof current whereby sensing'of acard gap will efi'ect energization l of 1 said additio nalj relay means.

7. -'6.*I a maehine'forgrading and marking students test Tcards' according to their; comparison withperforated data appearing'pn a similar 'answe'r card and relating to multiple choiceresponses to a series of r'piestions', the test. and answer cardsfhaving'correspondingly arranged columns of, "multiple choice positions, a the multiple choice positions I ofithe answer card being perforated in accordance with at oneside to said source of current and at'the other side; "to said paired sensing: elements. .whereby upon simulta-W 1 through said Q'counter" whereby I the i simultaneous sensing of corresponding perforations on atest card and'the answeri cardz'willeifectfenergization.ofthe' counter, a series. fof additional sensing brushes at the'first sensing station forsensing'the perforations in the testicards, means establishingaworkicircuit; a'relay-ma'gnet operable upon energization -thereofj to control said work circuit; a plurality correct responses to said questions, and the positions of the t'est cardsfbeing variously perforated so as to be indicative, of correct and incorrect answers, to said questions, means establishing afirstsensing station forthe test cards, means establishing -a second sensing station for the f answer leard, a rotarydrurn. for supporting the answer card in partial wrap-'around fashion, means 'for repeatedly impellin'g" the test 'cards; successively through the first sensing station in endwise fashion, ,rfneans (for rotating said drum in tirned relation to the movement ofthe test cards through the first'sensing station to repeatedly impel I the; answer eard through thesecond sensing station, paired sensing brushes at the first and second s'ens ing' stations respectivelynfo'r the comparative sensing of the perforatrons in the test cards with the perforations in the answer cardg an energizable totalizing counter, a source. of energizing current, means connecting each pair ofsensing brushes to saidrsource o'f curr'entin series; relationship of resistors,'foneQforj eachof said' additional. sensing brushes'ineansconnectingsaicl resistors in parallelto said sourceof current, means connecting each of' said addi- ,tional sensing brushes toits respective resistor, means cont neotingsaid sensing'hrushes ini parallel to said relay magstation, paired sensing brushes Qat the first ands second 4 n v '7 I V net, and means connecting said-relay magnet tov alid wu c sensing stations respectively for the comparativesensing of the perforations in the test cards 'with the perforations. in'

of: current whereby the newer currentthrough the relay 13 14 in a test card which are simultaneously sensed by said 2,048,976 7/36 Sveda et a1. 35-48 additional sensing brushes, the ohmic value of the in- 2,052,442 8/36 Black 35-48 dividual resistors and the rating of said relay magnet being 2,150,256 3/39 Warren 35-48 such that the relay magnet is responsive to the combined 2,310,437 2/43 Johnson 35-48 current flowing through any two resistors but is non-re- 5 2,528,828 11/ 50 Henry 35-48 sponsive to the current flowing through a single resistor. 2,598,155 5/52 Betts 235-616 2,694,266 11/54 Roeder 35-48 Ref rences Cited by the Examiner 2,944,734 7/60 Martin 235-61] UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,050,248 8/62 Lind'quist 235-61] 2 010 53 35 Warren 35 48 10 3,137,949 4 Smlth 35-48 2,041,758 5/36 Harding 35-48 JEROME SCHNALL, Primary Examiner. 

1. IN A MACHINE FOR GRADING AND MARKING STUDENT''S TEST CARDS ACCORDING TO THEIR COMPARISON WITH INDICIA APPEARING ON A SIMILAR ANSWER CARD AND RELATING TO MULTIPLE CHOICE RESPONSES TO A SERIES OF QUESTIONS, THE TEST AND ANSWER CARDS HAVING CORRESPONDINGLY ARRANGED COLUMNS OF MULTIPLE CHOICE POSITIONS, THE MULTIPLE CHOICE POSITIONS OF THE ANSWER CARD HAVING INDICIA APPLIED IN ACCORDANCE WITH CORRECT RESPONSES TO SAID QUESTIONS, AND THE POSITIONS OF THE TEST CARDS HAVING INDICIA VARIOUSLY APPLIED SO AS TO BE INDICATIVE OF CORRECT AND INCORRECT ANSWERS TO SAID QUESTIONS, MEANS ESTABLISHING A FIRST SENSING STATION FOR THE TEST CARDS, MEANS ESTABLISHING A FIRST SENSING STATION FOR THE ANSWER CARD, MEANS FOR IMPELLING THE TEST CARDS SUCCESSIVELY THROUGH THE FIRST SENSING STATION IN ENDWISE FASHION, MEANS FOR REPEATEDLY IMPELLING THE ANSWER CARD THROUGH THE SECOND SENSING STATION IN TIMED RELATION TO THE MOVEMENT OF THE TEST CARDS THROUGH THE FIRST SENSING STATION, MEANS AT SAID FIRST AND SECOND SENSING STATIONS FOR COMPARATIVELY SENSING THE INDICIA ON THE TEST CARDS AND ANSWER CARD RESPECTIVELY, A SERIES OF ENERGIZABLE MARKING DEVICES AT SAID FIRST SENSING STATION AND OPERABLE WHEN ENERGIZED TO MARK RESPECTIVELY THE MULTIPLE CHOICE POSITIONS ON SUCCESSIVE TEST CARDS PASSING THROUGH SAID FIRST STATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SENSED INDICIA ON THE ANSWER CARD, MEANS NORMALLY RESPONSIVE TO THE SENSING OF AN INDICIA ON THE ANSWER CARD FOR ENERGIZING A CORRESPONDING MARKING DEVICE, AND MEANS RESPONSIVE TO THE SIMULTANEOUS SENSING OF CORRESPONDING INDICIA ON A TEST CARD AND THE ANSWER CARD FOR DISABLING THE ENERGIZING MEANS FOR THE CORRESPONDING MARKING DEVICE. 